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| NOD1 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1; Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa- B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required for RHOA and RIPK2 dependent NF-kappa-B signaling pathway activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides but also in the activation of NF-kappa-B by Sh [...] (953 aa) | |||
| DHX33 | Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX33; Stimulates RNA polymerase I transcription of the 47S precursor rRNA. Associates with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci where it is involved in POLR1A recruitment. Important element of nucleolar organization; DEAH-box helicases (707 aa) | |||
| EIF2AK2 | Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase; IFN-induced dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection and is also involved in the regulation of signal transduction, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Exerts its antiviral activity on a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), measles virus (MV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1). Inhibits viral replication via phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation fac [...] (551 aa) | |||
| PYCARD | Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspa [...] (195 aa) | |||
| CUL3 | Cullin-3; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB- CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. BCR complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cu [...] (768 aa) | |||
| SMC2 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC2 subfamily (1197 aa) | |||
| NOD2 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macroph [...] (1040 aa) | |||
| TRIM68 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM68; Functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR) depending on its ubiquitin ligase activity; Ring finger proteins (485 aa) | |||
| BCL2L1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis; Belongs to the Bcl-2 family (233 aa) | |||
| CASP2 | Caspase-2; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Might function by either activating some proteins required for cell death or inactivating proteins necessary for cell survival; Caspase recruitment domain containing (452 aa) | |||
| CASP9 | Caspase-9; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf- 1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP); Apoptosome (416 aa) | |||
| NLRP9 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 9; As the sensor component of the NLRP9 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens, including rotavirus, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP9, PYCARD and CASP1. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and release in the extracellular milieu. The active cytokines stimulate inflammatory responses. Inflammasomes can also induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell [...] (991 aa) | |||
| NLRP3 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; As the sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP3, PYCARD and CASP1 (and possibly CASP4 and CASP5). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1- catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytoki [...] (1036 aa) | |||
| LMX1A | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1-alpha; Acts as a transcriptional activator by binding to an A/T-rich sequence, the FLAT element, in the insulin gene promoter. Required for development of the roof plate and, in turn, for specification of dorsal cell fates in the CNS and developing vertebrae (By similarity); LIM class homeoboxes (382 aa) | |||
| LMX1B | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1-beta; Essential for the specification of dorsal limb fate at both the zeugopodal and autopodal levels; LIM class homeoboxes (406 aa) | |||
| ESX1 | Homeobox protein ESX1; May coordinately regulate cell cycle progression and transcription during spermatogenesis. Inhibits degradation of polyubiquitinated cyclin A and cyclin B1 and thereby arrests the cell cycle at early M phase. ESXR1-N acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to the sequence 5’-TAATGTTATTA-3’ which is present within the first intron of the KRAS gene and inhibits its expression. ESXR1-C has the ability to inhibit cyclin turnover; PRD class homeoboxes and pseudogenes (406 aa) | |||
| EIF6 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6; Binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex in the cytoplasm. Behaves as a stimulatory translation initiation factor downstream insulin/growth factors. Is also involved in ribosome biogenesis. Associates with pre-60S subunits in the nucleus and is involved in its nuclear export. Cytoplasmic release of TIF6 from 60S subunits and nuclear relocalization is promoted by a RACK1 (RACK1)-dependent protein kinase C activity. In tissues responsive to insulin, control [...] (245 aa) | |||
| CASP5 | Caspase-5; Mediator of programmed cell death (apoptosis). During non-canonical inflammasome activation, cuts MB21D1 and may play a role in the regulation of antiviral innate immune activation; Caspase recruitment domain containing (447 aa) | |||
| CSNK1E | Casein kinase I isoform epsilon; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates DVL1 and DVL2. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. Controls PER1 and PER2 nuclear transport and degradation. Inhibits cytokine-induced granuloytic differentiation (416 aa) | |||
| BCL2 | Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release; BCL2 family (239 aa) | |||
| NLRC4 | NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4; Key component of inflammasomes that indirectly senses specific proteins from pathogenic bacteria and fungi and responds by assembling an inflammasome complex that promotes caspase-1 activation, cytokine production and macrophage pyroptosis; Caspase recruitment domain containing (1024 aa) | |||
| PYDC2 | Pyrin domain-containing protein 2; May play a role in innate immunity by disrupting the interaction between PYCARD and NLRP3, thereby regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. May also inhibit NF-kappa-B signaling distally by affecting the nuclear accumulation of RELA; Pyrin domain containing (97 aa) | |||
| CASP1 | Caspase-1; Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. Upon inflammasome activation, during DNA virus infection but not RNA virus challenge, controls antiviral immunity through the cleavage of MB21D1/cGAS, rendering it inactive; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family (404 aa) | |||
| APAF1 | Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase-9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP. Isoform 6 is less effective in inducing apoptosis; Apoptosome (1248 aa) | |||
| NLRP1 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 1; As the sensor component of the NLRP1 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP1, CASP1, and possibly PYCARD. Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP1 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokines and HMGB1 stimulat [...] (1473 aa) | |||
| CLTC | Clathrin heavy chain 1; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Two different adapter protein complexes link the clathrin lattice either to the plasma membrane or to the trans-Golgi network. Acts as component of the TACC3/ch- TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter- microtubule bridge. The TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension. Plays a role in early autophagosome formation; Belongs to the clathrin heavy chain [...] (1679 aa) | |||
