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| NME8 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 3; Probably required during the final stages of sperm tail maturation in the testis and/or epididymis, where extensive disulfide bonding of fibrous sheath (FS) proteins occurs. May be involved in the reduction of disulfide bonds within the sperm FS components. In vitro, it has neither NDP kinase nor reducing activity on disulfide bonds; NME/NM23 family (588 aa) | |||
| TXN2 | Thioredoxin, mitochondrial; Important for the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis, apoptosis regulation and cell viability. Possesses a dithiol-reducing activity; Belongs to the thioredoxin family (166 aa) | |||
| PDIA2 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A2; Acts as an intracellular estrogen-binding protein. May be involved in modulating cellular levels and biological functions of estrogens in the pancreas. May act as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins; Protein disulfide isomerases (525 aa) | |||
| PDHX | Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrial; Required for anchoring dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) to the dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E2) core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of eukaryotes. This specific binding is essential for a functional PDH complex (501 aa) | |||
| PPP1R3C | Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1 and regulates its activity. Activates glycogen synthase, reduces glycogen phosphorylase activity and limits glycogen breakdown. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in a variety of cell types; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits (317 aa) | |||
| CAT | Catalase; Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells and normal and transformed fibroblast cells; Belongs to the catalase family (527 aa) | |||
| TMX4 | Thioredoxin related transmembrane protein 4; Protein disulfide isomerases (349 aa) | |||
| GTF2H1 | General transcription factor IIH subunit 1; Component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II; General transcription factors (548 aa) | |||
| NCOR1 | Nuclear receptor corepressor 1; Mediates transcriptional repression by certain nuclear receptors. Part of a complex which promotes histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures which may impede the access of basal transcription factors. Participates in the transcriptional repressor activity produced by BCL6 (2440 aa) | |||
| DLAT | Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle (647 aa) | |||
| AKR1B1 | Aldose reductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies; Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family (316 aa) | |||
| TXNDC2 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2; Probably plays a regulatory role in sperm development. May participate in regulation of fibrous sheath (FS) assembly by supporting the formation of disulfide bonds during sperm tail morphogenesis. May also be required to rectify incorrect disulfide pairing and generate suitable pairs between the FS constituents. Can reduce disulfide bonds in vitro in the presence of NADP and thioredoxin reductase (553 aa) | |||
| TADA3 | Transcriptional adapter 3; Functions as a component of the PCAF complex. The PCAF complex is capable of efficiently acetylating histones in a nucleosomal context. The PCAF complex could be considered as the human version of the yeast SAGA complex. Also known as a coactivator for p53/TP53-dependent transcriptional activation. Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4; Belongs to the NGG1 family (432 aa) | |||
| DLST | Dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2 component of 2-oxo-glutarate complex); The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of 3 enzymatic components- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (453 aa) | |||
| EZR | Ezrin; Probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. In epithelial cells, required for the formation of microvilli and membrane ruffles on the apical pole. Along with PLEKHG6, required for normal macropinocytosis; A-kinase anchoring proteins (586 aa) | |||
| BCAS2 | Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SPF27; Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. May have a scaffolding role in the spliceosome assembly as it contacts all other components of the core complex. The PRP19-CDC5L complex may also play a role in the response to DNA damage (DDR) (225 aa) | |||
| DBT | Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components- branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Within this complex, the catalytic function of this enzyme is to accept, and to transfer to coenzyme A, acyl groups that are generated by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase component (482 aa) | |||
| TXNDC8 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 8; May be required for post-translational modifications of proteins required for acrosomal biogenesis. May act by reducing disulfide bonds within the sperm (115 aa) | |||
| TXN | Thioredoxin; Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates A [...] (105 aa) | |||
| NCOA6 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 6; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Coactivates expression in an agonist- and AF2-dependent manner. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ERs), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Probably functions as a general coactivator, rather than just a nuclear receptor coactivator. May also be involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway. M [...] (2063 aa) | |||
| NME9 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 6; NME/NM23 family member 9 (263 aa) | |||
| TXNRD2 | Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial; Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. Implicated in the defenses against oxidative stress. May play a role in redox- regulated cell signaling; Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family (524 aa) | |||
| RDX | Radixin; Probably plays a crucial role in the binding of the barbed end of actin filaments to the plasma membrane; Deafness associated genes (604 aa) | |||
| NCOA2 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 2; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF- 2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Critical regulator of glucose metabolism regulation, acts as RORA coactivator to specifically modulate G6PC expression. Involved in the positive regulation of the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 by sumoylation enhancer RWDD3. Positively regulates the circadian clock b [...] (1464 aa) | |||
| NDUFA13 | NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. Involved in the interferon/all-trans-retinoic acid (IFN/RA) induced cell death. This apoptotic activity is inhibited by interaction with viral IRF1. Prevents the transactivation of STAT3 target genes. May play a role in [...] (144 aa) | |||
| PSMC3 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC3 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated wit [...] (439 aa) | |||
