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TXNDC12 TXNDC12 GSR GSR GPX4 GPX4 DPEP1 DPEP1 GSTA3 GSTA3 ANPEP ANPEP LAP3 LAP3 GSS GSS LTC4S LTC4S GGCT GGCT GGT1 GGT1 GGT5 GGT5 BAAT BAAT GCLM GCLM GCLC GCLC CSAD CSAD GAD1 GAD1 DPEP2 DPEP2 GLUD1 GLUD1 GAD2 GAD2 CNDP2 CNDP2 GLS GLS OPLAH OPLAH GLS2 GLS2 GLUD2 GLUD2 ALDH4A1 ALDH4A1
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
some 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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GSTA3Glutathione S-transferase A3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Catalyzes isomerization reactions that contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Efficiently catalyze obligatory double-bond isomerizations of delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione and delta(5)- pregnene-3,20-dione, precursors to testosterone and progesterone, respectively; Soluble glutathione S-transferases (222 aa)
GSSGlutathione synthetase; Belongs to the eukaryotic GSH synthase family (474 aa)
GSRGlutathione reductase, mitochondrial; Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol (522 aa)
LAP3Cytosol aminopeptidase; Presumably involved in the processing and regular turnover of intracellular proteins. Catalyzes the removal of unsubstituted N-terminal amino acids from various peptides; Belongs to the peptidase M17 family (519 aa)
GCLCGlutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (637 aa)
BAATBile acid-CoA-amino acid N-acyltransferase; Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile aci [...] (418 aa)
CSADCysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (520 aa)
GGCTGamma-glutamylcyclotransferase; Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma- glutamyl dipeptides and may play a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria with resultant induction of apoptosis; Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family (188 aa)
GLUD1Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase that converts L- glutamate into alpha-ketoglutarate. Plays a key role in glutamine anaplerosis by producing alpha-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. May be involved in learning and memory reactions by increasing the turnover of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (By similarity); Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family (558 aa)
LTC4SLeukotriene C4 synthase; Catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to form leukotriene C4 (150 aa)
ANPEPAminopeptidase N; Broad specificity aminopeptidase which plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Also involved in the processing of various peptides including peptide hormones, such as angiotensin III and IV, neuropeptides, and chemokines. May also be involved the cleavage of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of antigen presenting cells. May have a role in angiogenesis and promote cholesterol crystallization; Aminopeptidases (967 aa)
GLS2Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial; Plays an important role in the regulation of glutamine catabolism. Promotes mitochondrial respiration and increases ATP generation in cells by catalyzing the synthesis of glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Increases cellular anti-oxidant function via NADH and glutathione production. May play a role in preventing tumor proliferation; Ankyrin repeat domain containing (602 aa)
GLSGlutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the first reaction in the primary pathway for the renal catabolism of glutamine. Plays a role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Regulates the levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain. Isoform 2 lacks catalytic activity; Ankyrin repeat domain containing (669 aa)
CNDP2Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase; Hydrolyzes a variety of dipeptides including L-carnosine but has a strong preference for Cys-Gly. Acts as a functional tumor suppressor in gastric cancer via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. An elevated level of CNDP2 activates the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways to induce cell apoptosis, and a lower level of CNDP2 activates the ERK MAPK pathway to promote cell proliferation. Isoform 2 may play a role as tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Catalyzes the production of N- lactoyl-amino acids from lactat [...] (475 aa)
GLUD2Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; Important for recycling the chief excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, during neurotransmission; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family (558 aa)
GPX4Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial; Protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Essential for embryonic development. Protects from radiation and oxidative damage. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T cells from ferroptosis, a cell death resulting from an iron-depende [...] (197 aa)
GAD1Glutamate decarboxylase 1; Catalyzes the production of GABA; Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family (594 aa)
GCLMGlutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Glutamate-- cysteine ligase light chain subfamily (274 aa)
TXNDC12Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12; Possesses significant protein thiol-disulfide oxidase activity (172 aa)
ALDH4A1Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes (563 aa)
GAD2Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the production of GABA (585 aa)
DPEP1Dipeptidase 1; Hydrolyzes a wide range of dipeptides. Implicated in the renal metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates. Converts leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4; it may play an important role in the regulation of leukotriene activity (411 aa)
GGT5Glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme; Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione conjugates, but maybe not glutathione itself. Converts leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4); Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family (587 aa)
GGT1Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme; Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione ( [...] (569 aa)
DPEP2Dipeptidase 2; Probable metalloprotease which hydrolyzes leukotriene D4 (LTD4) into leukotriene E4 (LTE4) (486 aa)
OPLAH5-oxoprolinase; Catalyzes the cleavage of 5-oxo-L-proline to form L- glutamate coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (1288 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, Homo sapiens, human, man
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