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| DAO | D-amino-acid oxidase; Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D- amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids; Belongs to the DAMOX/DASOX family (347 aa) | |||
| AGXT2 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial; Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family (514 aa) | |||
| ALDH2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family (517 aa) | |||
| ARG2 | Arginase-2, mitochondrial; May play a role in the regulation of extra-urea cycle arginine metabolism and also in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis. Extrahepatic arginase functions to regulate L-arginine bioavailability to nitric oxid synthase (NOS). Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Seems to be involved in negative regulation of the survival capacity of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. May suppress inflammation-related signaling in asthmatic airway epithelium. May contribute to the immune evasion of H.pylori by restricting [...] (354 aa) | |||
| AZIN2 | Antizyme inhibitor 2; Antizyme inhibitor (AZI) protein that positively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine uptake. AZI is an enzymatically inactive ODC homolog that counteracts the negative effect of ODC antizymes (AZs) OAZ1, OAZ2 and OAZ3 on ODC activity by competing with ODC for antizyme- binding. Inhibits antizyme-dependent ODC degradation and releases ODC monomers from their inactive complex with antizymes, leading to formation of the catalytically active ODC homodimer and restoring polyamine production. Participates in the morphological integrity of the [...] (460 aa) | |||
| NOS3 | Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets (1203 aa) | |||
| AGXT | Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (392 aa) | |||
| PIPOX | Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase; Metabolizes sarcosine, L-pipecolic acid and L-proline (390 aa) | |||
| SHMT1 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic; Interconversion of serine and glycine (483 aa) | |||
| CNDP2 | Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase; Hydrolyzes a variety of dipeptides including L-carnosine but has a strong preference for Cys-Gly. Acts as a functional tumor suppressor in gastric cancer via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. An elevated level of CNDP2 activates the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways to induce cell apoptosis, and a lower level of CNDP2 activates the ERK MAPK pathway to promote cell proliferation. Isoform 2 may play a role as tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Catalyzes the production of N- lactoyl-amino acids from lactat [...] (475 aa) | |||
| NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase, inducible; Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such PTGS2/COX2 (By similarity). As component of the iNOS-S100A8/9 transnitrosylase complex involved in the selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on ’Cys-247’ implicated in regulation of the GAIT complex activity and probably multiple targets including ANXA5, EZR [...] (1153 aa) | |||
| ALAS2 | 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial; 5’-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (587 aa) | |||
| SHMT2 | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial; Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway via its role in glycine and tetrahydrofolate metabolism. Thymidylate biosynthesis is required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Interconversion of serine and glycine. Associates with mitochondrial DNA. Plays a role in the deubiquitination of target proteins as component of the BRISC complex. Required for IFNAR1 deubiquitination by the BRISC complex; Belongs to the SHMT family (504 aa) | |||
| ALDH3A2 | Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes to fatty acids. Active on a variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes between 6 and 24 carbons in length. Responsible for conversion of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) degradation product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid (508 aa) | |||
| ALDH9A1 | 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma- butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction (518 aa) | |||
| ARG1 | Arginase-1; Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys (330 aa) | |||
| CNDP1 | Carnosine dipeptidase 1; Belongs to the peptidase M20A family (507 aa) | |||
| SARDH | Sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Sarcosine dehydrogenase; Belongs to the GcvT family (918 aa) | |||
| GNMT | Glycine N-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the methylation of glycine by using S- adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to form N-methylglycine (sarcosine) with the concomitant production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Possible crucial role in the regulation of tissue concentration of AdoMet and of metabolism of methionine; Seven-beta-strand methyltransferase motif containing (295 aa) | |||
| ALDH1B1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial; ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation (517 aa) | |||
| GLDC | Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial; The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein (GLDC) binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (GCSH) (1020 aa) | |||
| GCAT | 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial; Glycine C-acetyltransferase; Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family (445 aa) | |||
| ALAS1 | 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial; 5’-aminolevulinate synthase 1; Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family (640 aa) | |||
| GATM | Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development. May be involved in the response to heart failure by elevating local creatine synthesis; Belongs to the amidinotransferase family (423 aa) | |||
| ALDH7A1 | Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism (539 aa) | |||
| CARNS1 | Carnosine synthase 1; Catalyzes the synthesis of carnosine and homocarnosine. Carnosine is synthesized more efficiently than homocarnosine (950 aa) | |||
