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| RB1CC1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1; Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double-membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) during S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy (By similarity). Involved in repair of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, which subsequently improves cell survival by decreasing apoptosis (By similarity). Inhibits PTK2/FAK1 and PTK2B/PYK2 kinase activity, affecting their [...] (1594 aa) | |||
| NOD1 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1; Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa- B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required for RHOA and RIPK2 dependent NF-kappa-B signaling pathway activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides but also in the activation of NF-kappa-B by Sh [...] (953 aa) | |||
| CCT7 | T-complex protein 1 subunit eta; Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin (By similarity); Chaperonins (543 aa) | |||
| PIK3C3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways- PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Involved in the transport of lysosomal enzyme precursors to lysosomes. Requ [...] (887 aa) | |||
| WIPI1 | WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1; Plays an important role in autophagy and in particular starvation- and calcium-mediated autophagy, as well as in mitophagy. Functions upstream of the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex and LC3, and downstream of the ULK1 and PI3-kinase complexes. Involved in xenophagy of Staphylococcus aureus. Invading S.aureus cells become entrapped in autophagosome-like WIPI1 positive vesicles targeted for lysosomal degradation. Plays also a distinct role in controlling the transcription of melanogenic enzymes and melanosome maturation, a process that [...] (446 aa) | |||
| CASP6 | Caspase-6; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in vitro, as well as lamins. Overexpression promotes programmed cell death; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family (293 aa) | |||
| SPC25 | Kinetochore protein Spc25; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore- associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules; Belongs to the SPC25 family (224 aa) | |||
| ATG10 | Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10; E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy. Acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. ATG12 conjugation to ATG5 is required for autophagy. Likely serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule. Not involved in ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 (By similarity). Plays a role in adenovirus-mediated cell lysis; Belongs to the ATG10 family (220 aa) | |||
| ATG3 | Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3; E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C-terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). The ATG12- ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8-like proteins from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8-like proteins. The formation of the ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine conjug [...] (314 aa) | |||
| WDFY3 | WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3; Required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Acts as an adapter protein by linking specific proteins destined for degradation to the core autophagic machinery members, such as the ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L E3-like ligase, SQSTM1 and LC3. Along with p62/SQSTM1, involved in the formation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic ubiquitin- containing inclusions (p62 bodies, ALIS/aggresome-like induced structures). Along with SQSTM1, required to recruit ubiquitinated proteins to PML bodies in the nucleus. Important for normal brain developmen [...] (3526 aa) | |||
| CCT2 | T-complex protein 1 subunit beta; Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. As part of the BBS/CCT complex may play a role in the assembly of BBSome, a complex involved in ciliogenesis regulating transports vesicles to the cilia. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin; Chaperonins (535 aa) | |||
| NOD2 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Involved in gastrointestinal immunity. Upon stimulation by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan, binds the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2, which recruits ubiquitin ligases as XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3, INAVA and the LUBAC complex, triggering activation of MAP kinases and activation of NF-kappa-B signaling. This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response. Required for MDP-induced NLRP1-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macroph [...] (1040 aa) | |||
| RAB33B | Ras-related protein Rab-33B; Protein transport. Acts, in coordination with RAB6A, to regulate intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking. It is involved in autophagy, acting as a modulator of autophagosome formation; RAB, member RAS oncogene GTPases (229 aa) | |||
| CASP3 | Caspase-3; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a ’216-Asp-|-Gly-217’ bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop- helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage (277 aa) | |||
| ULK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, lead [...] (1050 aa) | |||
| ATG16L2 | Autophagy-related protein 16-2; May play a role in autophagy (619 aa) | |||
| ATG101 | Autophagy-related protein 101; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Stabilizes ATG13, protecting it from proteasomal degradation; Belongs to the ATG101 family (218 aa) | |||
| ATG7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin- like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondri [...] (703 aa) | |||
| HTT | Huntingtin; May play a role in microtubule-mediated transport or vesicle function; Belongs to the huntingtin family (3142 aa) | |||
| PIK3R4 | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways- PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2; Armadillo-like helical domain containing (1358 aa) | |||
| ATG5 | Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is esse [...] (275 aa) | |||
| SQSTM1 | Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor that interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Along with WDFY3, involved in the formation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic ubiquitin-containing inclusions (p62 bodies, ALIS/aggresome-like induced structures). Along with SQSTM1, required to recruit ubiquitinated proteins to PML bodies in the nucleus. May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-1. May play a role in titin/TTN downstream signaling in muscle cells. May regulate sign [...] (440 aa) | |||
| ATG16L1 | Autophagy-related protein 16-1; Plays an essential role in autophagy- interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C), to produce a membrane-bound activated form of LC3 named LC3-II. Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane. Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2- driven inflammatory cytokine response. Plays a role in regulating morphology and function of Paneth cell; Belongs to the W [...] (607 aa) | |||
| ATG12 | Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes (140 aa) | |||
| ATG13 | Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation (550 aa) | |||
| CASP1 | Caspase-1; Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. Upon inflammasome activation, during DNA virus infection but not RNA virus challenge, controls antiviral immunity through the cleavage of MB21D1/cGAS, rendering it inactive; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family (404 aa) | |||
