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| KITLG | Kit ligand; Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK [...] (273 aa) | |||
| ID2 | DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the C [...] (134 aa) | |||
| TWIST1 | Twist-related protein 1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits myogenesis by sequestrating E proteins, inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2, and inhibiting DNA-binding by MYOD1 through physical interaction. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins. Also represses expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Regulates cranial suture patterning and fusion. Activates transcription as a heterodimer with E proteins. Regulates gene expression differentially, depending on dimer composition. Homodimers induce expression of FGFR2 and POSTN w [...] (202 aa) | |||
| CERS4 | Ceramide synthase 4; May be either a bona fide (dihydro)ceramide synthase or a modulator of its activity. When overexpressed in cells is involved in the production of sphingolipids containing different fatty acid donors (N-linked stearoyl- (C18) or arachidoyl- (C20) ceramides) in a fumonisin B1-independent manner (By similarity); CERS class homeoboxes (394 aa) | |||
| SMAD2 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator (467 aa) | |||
| DOK5 | Docking protein 5; DOK proteins are enzymatically inert adaptor or scaffolding proteins. They provide a docking platform for the assembly of multimolecular signaling complexes. DOK5 functions in RET-mediated neurite outgrowth and plays a positive role in activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Putative link with downstream effectors of RET in neuronal differentiation (306 aa) | |||
| PIK3R3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma; Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-tyrosine kinases through its SH2 domain and regulates their kinase activity. During insulin stimulation, it also binds to IRS-1 (461 aa) | |||
| TCF3 | Transcription factor E2-alpha; Transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Heterodimers between TCF3 and tissue- specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play major roles in determining tissue-specific cell fate during embryogenesis, like muscle or early B-cell differentiation. Dimers bind DNA on E- box motifs- 5’-CANNTG-3’. Binds to the kappa-E2 site in the kappa immunoglobulin gene enhancer. Binds to IEB1 and IEB2, which are short DNA sequences in the insulin gene transcription control region (654 aa) | |||
| CERS2 | Ceramide synthase 2; Suppresses the growth of cancer cells. May be involved in sphingolipid synthesis; CERS class homeoboxes (380 aa) | |||
| CCNDBP1 | Cyclin-D1-binding protein 1; May negatively regulate cell cycle progression. May act at least in part via inhibition of the cyclin-D1/CDK4 complex, thereby preventing phosphorylation of RB1 and blocking E2F- dependent transcription (360 aa) | |||
| CERS5 | Ceramide synthase 5; Dihydroceramide synthase. Catalyzes the acylation of sphingosine to form dihydroceramide, with high selectivity toward palmitoyl-CoA as acyl donor compared to stearoyl-CoA. Inhibited by fumonisin B1 (By similarity); CERS class homeoboxes (392 aa) | |||
| ELSPBP1 | Epididymal sperm-binding protein 1; Binds to spermatozoa upon ejaculation and may play a role in sperm capacitation. Has phosphorylcholine-binding activity (By similarity); Belongs to the seminal plasma protein family (223 aa) | |||
| SH2D1B | SH2 domain-containing protein 1B; Cytoplasmic adapter regulating receptors of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family such as CD84, SLAMF1, LY9 and CD244. In SLAM signaling seems to cooperate with SH2D1A/SAP. Plays a role in regulation of effector functions of natural killer (NK) cells by controlling signal transduction through CD244/2B4 without effecting its tyrosine phosphorylation; downstream signaling involves PLCG1 and ERK activation. Activation of SLAMF7-mediated NK cell function does not effect receptor tyrosine phosphorylation but distal signaling (By simila [...] (132 aa) | |||
| MTCP1 | Protein p13 MTCP-1; Enhances the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1 and AKT2 (107 aa) | |||
| SH2D1A | SH2 domain-containing protein 1A; Cytoplasmic adapter regulating receptors of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family such as SLAMF1, CD244, LY9, CD84, SLAMF6 and SLAMF7. In SLAM signaling seems to cooperate with SH2D1B/EAT-2. Initially it has been proposed that association with SLAMF1 prevents SLAMF1 binding to inhibitory effectors including INPP5D/SHIP1 and PTPN11/SHP-2. However, by simultaneous interactions, recruits FYN which subsequently phosphorylates and activates SLAMF1. Positively regulates CD244/2B4- and CD84- mediated natural killer (NK) cell functions. C [...] (128 aa) | |||
| ID4 | DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation (By similarity) (161 aa) | |||
| OLIG1 | Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1; Promotes formation and maturation of oligodendrocytes, especially within the brain. Cooperates with OLIG2 to establish the pMN domain of the embryonic neural tube (By similarity); Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (271 aa) | |||
| CERS6 | Ceramide synthase 6; May be involved in sphingolipid synthesis or its regulation; CERS class homeoboxes (392 aa) | |||
| NPM2 | Nucleoplasmin-2; Core histones chaperone involved in chromatin reprogramming, specially during fertilization and early embryonic development. Probably involved in sperm DNA decondensation during fertilization; Belongs to the nucleoplasmin family (214 aa) | |||
| TCF4 | Transcription factor 4; Transcription factor that binds to the immunoglobulin enchancer Mu-E5/KE5-motif. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5’-CANNTG-3’). Binds to the E-box present in the somatostatin receptor 2 initiator element (SSTR2-INR) to activate transcription (By similarity). Preferentially binds to either 5’-ACANNTGT-3’ or 5’-CCANNTGG-3’; Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (773 aa) | |||
| TCF12 | Transcription factor 12; Transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5’-CANNTG-3’); Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (706 aa) | |||
| CHD7 | Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7; Probable transcription regulator. Maybe involved in the in 45S precursor rRNA production; DNA helicases (2997 aa) | |||
| NCK1 | Cytoplasmic protein NCK1; Adapter protein which associates with tyrosine- phosphorylated growth factor receptors, such as KDR and PDGFRB, or their cellular substrates. Maintains low levels of EIF2S1 phosphorylation by promoting its dephosphorylation by PP1. Plays a role in the DNA damage response, not in the detection of the damage by ATM/ATR, but for efficient activation of downstream effectors, such as that of CHEK2. Plays a role in ELK1-dependent transcriptional activation in response to activated Ras signaling. Modulates the activation of EIF2AK2/PKR by dsRNA. May play a role in ce [...] (377 aa) | |||
| HCK | Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase found in hematopoietic cells that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune responses, including neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage and mast cell functions, phagocytosis, cell survival and proliferation, cell adhesion and migration. Acts downstream of receptors that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulins, such as FCGR1A and FCGR2A, but also CSF3R, PLAUR, the receptors for IFNG, IL2, IL6 and IL8, and integrins, such as ITGB1 and ITGB2. During the phagocytic p [...] (526 aa) | |||
| TWIST2 | Twist-related protein 2; Binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5’-CANNTG-3’ as a heterodimer and inhibits transcriptional activation by MYOD1, MYOG, MEF2A and MEF2C. Also represses expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Involved in postnatal glycogen storage and energy metabolism (By similarity). Inhibits the premature or ectopic differentiation of preosteoblast cells during osteogenesis, possibly by changing the internal signal transduction response of osteoblasts to external growth factors; Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (160 aa) | |||
| HSH2D | Hematopoietic SH2 domain-containing protein; May be a modulator of the apoptotic response through its ability to affect mitochondrial stability (By similarity). Adapter protein involved in tyrosine kinase and CD28 signaling. Seems to affect CD28-mediated activation of the RE/AP element of the interleukin-2 promoter; SH2 domain containing (352 aa) | |||
