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| OXCT1 | Succinyl-CoA-3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial; Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism. Transfers the CoA moiety from succinate to acetoacetate. Formation of the enzyme-CoA intermediate proceeds via an unstable anhydride species formed between the carboxylate groups of the enzyme and substrate; Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase family (520 aa) | |||
| ACADS | Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Introduces a double bond at position 2 in saturated acyl-CoA’s of short chain length, i.e. less than 6 carbon atoms; Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family (412 aa) | |||
| ACSS2 | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic; Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation; Acyl-CoA synthetase family (714 aa) | |||
| ACLY | ATP-citrate synthase; ATP-citrate synthase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Has a central role in de novo lipid synthesis. In nervous tissue it may be involved in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family (1101 aa) | |||
| MLYCD | Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. In the fatty acid biosynthesis MCD selectively removes malonyl-CoA and thus assures that methyl-malonyl-CoA is the only chain elongating substrate for fatty acid synthase and that fatty acids with multiple methyl side chains are produced. In peroxisomes it may be involved in degrading intraperoxisomal malonyl-CoA, which is generated by the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of odd chain-length dicarboxylic fatty acids. Plays a role in the metabolic balance between glucose and lipid oxidation in mus [...] (493 aa) | |||
| ACAT1 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial; Plays a major role in ketone body metabolism (427 aa) | |||
| DLAT | Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle (647 aa) | |||
| ACAA2 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial; Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (397 aa) | |||
| ACOX1 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans- enoyl-CoAs. Isoform 1 shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length. Isoform 2 is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs. Isoform 2 is twice as active as isoform 1 against 16-hydroxy- palmitoyl-CoA and is 25% more active against 1,16-hexadecanodioyl- CoA (660 aa) | |||
| ACOT12 | Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 12; Hydrolyzes acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA; Acyl-CoA thioesterases (555 aa) | |||
| ACSS1 | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial; Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting and for energy homeostasis. Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be used for oxidation through the tricarboxylic cycle to produce ATP and CO(2); Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family (689 aa) | |||
| AACS | Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase; Activates acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA. May be involved in utilizing ketone body for the fatty acid-synthesis during adipose tissue development (By similarity); Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family (672 aa) | |||
| HADHB | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta (474 aa) | |||
| ACAA1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal; acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (424 aa) | |||
| ACOX3 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3; Oxidizes the CoA-esters of 2-methyl-branched fatty acids; Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family (700 aa) | |||
| ACAT2 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (397 aa) | |||
| ACADSB | Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Has greatest activity toward short branched chain acyl- CoA derivative such as (s)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA, and 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA as well as toward short straight chain acyl-CoAs such as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. Can use valproyl- CoA as substrate and may play a role in controlling the metabolic flux of valproic acid in the development of toxicity of this agent (432 aa) | |||
| ACADM | Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16 that catalyzes the initial step of fatty acid beta- oxidation. Utilizes the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) as an electron acceptor to transfer electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase) (454 aa) | |||
| OXCT2 | Succinyl-CoA-3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 2, mitochondrial; Key enzyme for ketone body catabolism. Transfers the CoA moiety from succinate to acetoacetate. Formation of the enzyme-CoA intermediate proceeds via an unstable anhydride species formed between the carboxylate groups of the enzyme and substrate (By similarity); Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase family (517 aa) | |||
| HMGCL | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial; Key enzyme in ketogenesis (ketone body formation). Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta- hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism (325 aa) | |||
| SUCLA2 | Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial; ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit (By similarity) (463 aa) | |||
| SUCLG1 | Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and specificity for either ATP or GTP is provided by different beta subunits (346 aa) | |||
| HMGCLL1 | 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, cytoplasmic; Non-mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis, the products of which support energy production in nonhepatic animal tissues (370 aa) | |||
| SUCLG2 | Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial; GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit (440 aa) | |||
| ALDH6A1 | Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial; Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA; Aldehyde dehydrogenases (535 aa) | |||
| HADH | Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Plays an essential role in the mitochondrial beta- oxidation of short chain fatty acids. Exerts it highest activity toward 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA; Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family (331 aa) | |||
