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| IL2RB | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta; Receptor for interleukin-2. This beta subunit is involved in receptor mediated endocytosis and transduces the mitogenic signals of IL2; Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 4 subfamily (551 aa) | |||
| CERK | Ceramide kinase; Catalyzes specifically the phosphorylation of ceramide to form ceramide 1-phosphate. Acts efficiently on natural and analog ceramides (C6, C8, C16 ceramides, and C8-dihydroceramide), to a lesser extent on C2-ceramide and C6-dihydroceramide, but not on other lipids, such as various sphingosines. Binds phosphoinositides (537 aa) | |||
| SMPD3 | Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to form ceramide and phosphocholine. Ceramide mediates numerous cellular functions, such as apoptosis and growth arrest, and is capable of regulating these 2 cellular events independently. Also hydrolyzes sphingosylphosphocholine. Regulates the cell cycle by acting as a growth suppressor in confluent cells. Probably acts as a regulator of postnatal development and participates in bone and dentin mineralization; Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family (655 aa) | |||
| IL2 | Interleukin-2; Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine- activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells; Interleukins (153 aa) | |||
| SGPP1 | Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1; Specifically dephosphorylates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), dihydro-S1P, and phyto-S1P. Does not act on ceramide 1- phoshate, lysophosphatidic acid or phosphatidic acid. Regulates the intracellular levels of the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite S1P that regulates diverse biological processes acting both as an extracellular receptor ligand or as an intracellular second messenger. Involved in efficient ceramide synthesis from exogenous sphingoid bases. Converts S1P to sphingosine, which is readily metabolized to ceramide via ceramide synthase. In [...] (441 aa) | |||
| SMPD2 | Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2; Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. Hydrolyze 1-acyl-2- lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PC) and 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-platelet-activating factor). The physiological substrate seems to be Lyso-PAF; Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family (423 aa) | |||
| GALC | Galactocerebrosidase; Hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Enzyme with very low activity responsible for the lysosomal catabolism of galactosylceramide, a major lipid in myelin, kidney and epithelial cells of small intestine and colon; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 59 family (685 aa) | |||
| PIK3CA | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Participates in cellular signaling in response to [...] (1068 aa) | |||
| ACER1 | Alkaline ceramidase 1; Hydrolyzes the sphingolipid ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid at an optimal pH of 8.0. Has a highly restricted substrate specificity for the natural stereoisomer of ceramide with D-erythro-sphingosine but not D-ribo- phytosphingosine or D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine as a backbone. May have a role in regulating the levels of bioactive lipids ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, as well as complex sphingolipids (By similarity); Alkaline ceramidases (264 aa) | |||
| DEGS2 | Sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase/C4-monooxygenase DES2; Bifunctional enzyme which acts as both a sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase and a sphingolipid C4-monooxygenase; Fatty acid desaturases (323 aa) | |||
| UGT8 | 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of galactose to ceramide, a key enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of galactocerebrosides, which are abundant sphingolipids of the myelin membrane of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family (541 aa) | |||
| GBA | Glucosylceramidase beta (536 aa) | |||
| SGPP2 | Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2; Has specific phosphohydrolase activity towards sphingoid base 1-phosphates. Has high phosphohydrolase activity against dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in vitro. May play a role in attenuating intracellular sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling. May play a role in pro-inflammatory signaling (399 aa) | |||
| DEGS1 | Sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase DES1; Has sphingolipid-delta-4-desaturase activity. Converts D-erythro-sphinganine to D-erythro-sphingosine (E-sphing-4-enine); Fatty acid desaturases (323 aa) | |||
| PPAP2C | Phospholipid phosphatase 2; Catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DG). In addition it hydrolyzes lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), ceramide-1-phosphate (C-1-P) and sphingosine-1- phosphate (S-1-P). The relative catalytic efficiency is PA > C-1-P > LPA > S-1-P; Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family (309 aa) | |||
| ENPP7 | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7; Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. Also has phospholipase C activity toward palmitoyl lyso-phosphocholine. Does not appear to have nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity; Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family (458 aa) | |||
| SMPD1 | Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase; Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. Also has phospholipase C activities toward 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphocholine and 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphoglycerol (631 aa) | |||
| PTPN11 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11; Acts downstream of various receptor and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases to participate in the signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Positively regulates MAPK signal transduction pathway. Dephosphorylates GAB1, ARHGAP35 and EGFR. Dephosphorylates ROCK2 at ’Tyr-722’ resulting in stimulatation of its RhoA binding activity. Dephosphorylates CDC73; Protein tyrosine phosphatases, non-receptor type (593 aa) | |||
| ACER2 | Alkaline ceramidase 2; Hydrolyzes the sphingolipid ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid. Unsaturated long-chain ceramides are the best substrates, saturated long-chain ceramides and unsaturated very long-chain ceramides are good substrates, whereas saturated very long-chain ceramides and short-chain ceramides were poor substrates. The substrate preference is D-erythro-C(18-1)-, C(20-1)-, C(20-4)-ceramide > D-erythro-C(16-0)-, C(18-0), C(20-0)- ceramide > D-erythro-C(24-1)-ceramide > D-erythro-C(12-0)- ceramide, D-erythro-C(14-0)-ceramides > D-erythro-C(24-0)-ceramide > D-eryth [...] (275 aa) | |||
| SGMS1 | Phosphatidylcholine-ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1; Sphingomyelin synthases synthesize the sphingolipid, sphingomyelin, through transfer of the phosphatidyl head group, phosphatidylcholine, on to the primary hydroxyl of ceramide. The reaction is bidirectional depending on the respective levels of the sphingolipid and ceramide. Golgi apparatus SMS1 directly and specifically recognizes the choline head group on the substrate, requiring two fatty chains on the choline-P donor molecule in order to be recognized efficiently as a substrate. Major form in macrophages. Required for cell [...] (413 aa) | |||
| GAB2 | GRB2-associated-binding protein 2; Adapter protein which acts downstream of several membrane receptors including cytokine, antigen, hormone, cell matrix and growth factor receptors to regulate multiple signaling pathways. Regulates osteoclast differentiation mediating the TNFRSF11A/RANK signaling. In allergic response, it plays a role in mast cells activation and degranulation through PI-3-kinase regulation. Also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and hematopoiesis; Pleckstrin homology domain containing (676 aa) | |||
| PPAP2B | Phospholipid phosphatase 3; Catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DG). In addition it hydrolyzes lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), ceramide-1-phosphate (C-1-P) and sphingosine-1- phosphate (S-1-P). The relative catalytic efficiency is LPA = PA > C-1-P > S-1-P. May be involved in cell adhesion and in cell-cell interactions (311 aa) | |||
| IL2RG | Cytokine receptor common subunit gamma; Common subunit for the receptors for a variety of interleukins; CD molecules (369 aa) | |||
| UGCG | Ceramide glucosyltransferase; Catalyzes the first glycosylation step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, the transfer of glucose to ceramide. May also serve as a "flippase"; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family (394 aa) | |||
| GBA2 | Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase; Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase that catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to free glucose and ceramide. Involved in sphingomyelin generation and prevention of glycolipid accumulation. May also catalyze the hydrolysis of bile acid 3-O-glucosides, however, the relevance of such activity is unclear in vivo. Plays a role in central nevous system development. Required for proper formation of motor neuron axons (927 aa) | |||
| IL2RA | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha; Receptor for interleukin-2. The receptor is involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by controlling regulatory T cells (TREGs) activity. TREGs suppress the activation and expansion of autoreactive T-cells; CD molecules (272 aa) | |||
