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| ADH1A | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A, alpha polypeptide; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family (375 aa) | |||
| CYP26A1 | Cytochrome P450 26A1; Plays a key role in retinoic acid metabolism. Acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its stereoisomer 9-cis-RA. Capable of both 4-hydroxylation and 18- hydroxylation. Responsible for generation of several hydroxylated forms of RA, including 4-OH-RA, 4-oxo-RA and 18-OH-RA; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family (497 aa) | |||
| RBP2 | Retinol-binding protein 2; Intracellular transport of retinol; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family (134 aa) | |||
| RBP1 | Retinol-binding protein 1; Cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein. Accepts retinol from the transport protein STRA6, and thereby contributes to retinol uptake, storage and retinoid homeostasis; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family (197 aa) | |||
| RDH10 | Retinol dehydrogenase 10; Retinol dehydrogenase with a clear preference for NADP. Converts all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal. Has no detectable activity towards 11-cis-retinol, 9-cis-retinol and 13-cis-retinol; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (341 aa) | |||
| RDH5 | 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase; Stereospecific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of 11-cis retinaldehyde, the universal chromophore of visual pigments. Also able to oxidize 9-cis-retinol and 13-cis-retinol, but not all- trans-retinol. Active in the presence of NAD as cofactor but not in the presence of NADP; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (318 aa) | |||
| RPE65 | Retinoid isomerohydrolase; Critical isomerohydrolase in the retinoid cycle involved in regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rod and cone opsins. Catalyzes the cleavage and isomerization of all-trans- retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol which is further oxidized by 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase to 11-cis-retinal for use as visual chromophore. Essential for the production of 11-cis retinal for both rod and cone photoreceptors. Also capable of catalyzing the isomerization of lutein to meso-zeaxanthin an eye-specific carotenoid. The soluble form binds vitamin A (all-tr [...] (533 aa) | |||
| ADH4 | Alcohol dehydrogenase 4, pi polypeptide (380 aa) | |||
| RBP5 | Retinol-binding protein 5; Intracellular transport of retinol; Fatty acid binding protein family (135 aa) | |||
| RETSAT | All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase; Catalyzes the saturation of all-trans-retinol to all- trans-13,14-dihydroretinol. Does not exhibit any activity toward all-trans-retinoic acid, nor 9-cis, 11-cis or 13-cis-retinol isomers. May play a role in the metabolism of vitamin A. Independently of retinol conversion, may regulate liver metabolism upstream of MLXIPL/ChREBP. May play a role in adipocyte differentiation; Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family. CrtISO subfamily (610 aa) | |||
| ADH5 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3; Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily (374 aa) | |||
| ADH1B | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, beta polypeptide; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family (375 aa) | |||
| SDR16C5 | Epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2; Oxidoreductase with strong preference for NAD. Active in both the oxidative and reductive directions. Oxidizes all-trans- retinol in all-trans-retinaldehyde. No activity was detected with 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde as substrates with either NAD(+)/NADH or NADP(+)/NADPH; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (309 aa) | |||
| CES2 | Cocaine esterase; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Shows high catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family (623 aa) | |||
| DHRS4 | Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4; Reduces all-trans-retinal and 9-cis retinal. Can also catalyze the oxidation of all-trans-retinol with NADP as co- factor, but with much lower efficiency. Reduces alkyl phenyl ketones and alpha-dicarbonyl compounds with aromatic rings, such as pyrimidine-4-aldehyde, 3-benzoylpyridine, 4-benzoylpyridine, menadione and 4-hexanoylpyridine. Has no activity towards aliphatic aldehydes and ketones (By similarity); Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (278 aa) | |||
| LRAT | Lecithin retinol acyltransferase; Transfers the acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to all-trans retinol, producing all-trans retinyl esters. Retinyl esters are storage forms of vitamin A. LRAT plays a critical role in vision. It provides the all-trans retinyl ester substrates for the isomerohydrolase which processes the esters into 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium; due to a membrane-associated alcohol dehydrogenase, 11 cis-retinol is oxidized and converted into 11-cis-retinaldehyde which is the chromophore for rhodopsin and the cone photopigments; [...] (230 aa) | |||
| CES1 | Liver carboxylesterase 1; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Hydrolyzes aromatic and aliphatic esters, but has no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acyl-CoA ester. Hydrolyzes the methyl ester group of cocaine to form benzoylecgonine. Catalyzes the transesterification of cocaine to form cocaethylene. Displays fatty acid ethyl ester synthase activity, catalyzing the ethyl esterification of oleic acid to ethyloleate; Carboxylesterases (568 aa) | |||
| RDH11 | Retinol dehydrogenase 11; Exhibits an oxidoreductive catalytic activity towards retinoids. Most efficient as an NADPH-dependent retinal reductase. Displays high activity towards 9-cis and all-trans-retinol. Also involved in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes. No steroid dehydrogenase activity detected (318 aa) | |||
| ADH6 | Alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (375 aa) | |||
| RDH16 | Retinol dehydrogenase 16; Oxidoreductase with a preference for NAD. Oxidizes all- trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol to the corresponding aldehydes. Has higher activity towards CRBP-bound retinol than with free retinol. Oxidizes 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids. Oxidizes androstanediol and androsterone to dihydrotestosterone and androstanedione. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (317 aa) | |||
| DHRS9 | Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9; 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that converts 3- alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone (allopregnanolone) to dihydroxyprogesterone and 3-alpha-androstanediol to dihydroxyprogesterone. May play a role in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinaldehyde, but seems to have low activity with retinoids. Can utilize both NADH and NADPH; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (379 aa) | |||
| BLCAP | Bladder cancer-associated protein; May regulate cell proliferation and coordinate apoptosis and cell cycle progression via a novel mechanism independent of both p53/TP53 and NF-kappa-B (87 aa) | |||
| ADH7 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain; Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the best substrates. Ethanol is not a good substrate but at the high ethanol concentrations reached in the digestive tract, it plays a role in the ethanol oxidation and contributes to the first pass ethanol metabolism; Alcohol dehydrogenases (394 aa) | |||
| ADH1C | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C, gamma polypeptide (375 aa) | |||
| CES5A | Carboxylesterase 5A; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs; Carboxylesterases (604 aa) | |||
| CES4A | Carboxylesterase 4A; Probable carboxylesterase; Carboxylesterases (468 aa) | |||
