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ACADL | Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain; Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family (430 aa) | |||
ACADS | Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Introduces a double bond at position 2 in saturated acyl-CoA’s of short chain length, i.e. less than 6 carbon atoms; Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family (412 aa) | |||
ACSS2 | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic; Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation; Acyl-CoA synthetase family (714 aa) | |||
ACLY | ATP-citrate synthase; ATP-citrate synthase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Has a central role in de novo lipid synthesis. In nervous tissue it may be involved in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase beta subunit family (1101 aa) | |||
MECR | Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthesis type II). Fatty acid chain elongation in mitochondria uses acyl carrier protein (ACP) as an acyl group carrier, but the enzyme accepts both ACP and CoA thioesters as substrates in vitro. Has a preference for short and medium chain substrates, including trans-2-hexenoyl-CoA (C6), trans-2-decenoyl-CoA (C10), and trans- 2-hexadecenoyl-CoA (C16) (373 aa) | |||
ACAT1 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial; Plays a major role in ketone body metabolism (427 aa) | |||
DLAT | Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle (647 aa) | |||
ACAA2 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial; Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (397 aa) | |||
ACOX1 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans- enoyl-CoAs. Isoform 1 shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length. Isoform 2 is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs. Isoform 2 is twice as active as isoform 1 against 16-hydroxy- palmitoyl-CoA and is 25% more active against 1,16-hexadecanodioyl- CoA (660 aa) | |||
ACSS1 | Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial; Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting and for energy homeostasis. Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be used for oxidation through the tricarboxylic cycle to produce ATP and CO(2); Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family (689 aa) | |||
HADHB | hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta (474 aa) | |||
ACAA1 | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal; acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (424 aa) | |||
DLST | Dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2 component of 2-oxo-glutarate complex); The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of 3 enzymatic components- 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (453 aa) | |||
ACOX3 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3; Oxidizes the CoA-esters of 2-methyl-branched fatty acids; Belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family (700 aa) | |||
ACAT2 | Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (397 aa) | |||
ACADSB | Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Has greatest activity toward short branched chain acyl- CoA derivative such as (s)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA, and 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA as well as toward short straight chain acyl-CoAs such as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. Can use valproyl- CoA as substrate and may play a role in controlling the metabolic flux of valproic acid in the development of toxicity of this agent (432 aa) | |||
DBT | Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase E2; The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components- branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Within this complex, the catalytic function of this enzyme is to accept, and to transfer to coenzyme A, acyl groups that are generated by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase component (482 aa) | |||
ACADM | Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16 that catalyzes the initial step of fatty acid beta- oxidation. Utilizes the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) as an electron acceptor to transfer electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase) (454 aa) | |||
HMGCL | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial; Key enzyme in ketogenesis (ketone body formation). Terminal step in leucine catabolism. Ketone bodies (beta- hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone) are essential as an alternative source of energy to glucose, as lipid precursors and as regulators of metabolism (325 aa) | |||
PCCA | propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha subunit (728 aa) | |||
HADHA | Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Bifunctional subunit; In the central section; belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl- CoA dehydrogenase family (763 aa) | |||
HMGCLL1 | 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, cytoplasmic; Non-mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis, the products of which support energy production in nonhepatic animal tissues (370 aa) | |||
PCCB | propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta subunit (559 aa) | |||
ACADVL | Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Active toward esters of long-chain and very long chain fatty acids such as palmitoyl-CoA, mysritoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. Can accommodate substrate acyl chain lengths as long as 24 carbons, but shows little activity for substrates of less than 12 carbons; Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family (678 aa) | |||
ATP1A1 | Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1; This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunits (1023 aa) | |||
ALDH6A1 | Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial; Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA; Aldehyde dehydrogenases (535 aa) |