DAZ-associated protein 1; RNA-binding protein, which may be required during spermatogenesis

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

DAZ-associated protein 1; RNA-binding protein, which may be required during spermatogenesis

Sialic acid synthase; Produces N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3- deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). Can also use N- acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of Neu5Ac and KDN, respectively

DAZ-associated protein 1; RNA-binding protein, which may be required during spermatogenesis

Poly(rC)-binding protein 1; Single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that binds preferentially to oligo dC. In case of infection by poliovirus, plays a role in initiation of viral RNA replication in concert with the viral protein 3CD

DAZ-associated protein 1; RNA-binding protein, which may be required during spermatogenesis

Nucleolysin TIA-1 isoform p40; Involved in alternative pre-RNA splicing and regulation of mRNA translation by binding to AU-rich elements (AREs) located in mRNA 3’ untranslated regions (3’ UTRs). Possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte target cells. May be involved in apoptosis

BCL2L2-PABPN1 readthrough; Promotes cell survival. Blocks dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Mediates survival of postmitotic Sertoli cells by suppressing death-promoting activity of BAX

Polyadenylate-binding protein 2; Involved in the 3’-end formation of mRNA precursors (pre-mRNA) by the addition of a poly(A) tail of 200-250 nt to the upstream cleavage product (By similarity). Stimulates poly(A) polymerase (PAPOLA) conferring processivity on the poly(A) tail elongation reaction and controls also the poly(A) tail length (By similarity). Increases the affinity of poly(A) polymerase for RNA (By similarity). Is also present at various stages of mRNA metabolism including nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and nonsense- mediated decay (NMD) of mRNA. Cooperates with SKIP to syner [...]

BCL2L2-PABPN1 readthrough; Promotes cell survival. Blocks dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. Mediates survival of postmitotic Sertoli cells by suppressing death-promoting activity of BAX

Embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2; Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA; RNA binding motif containing

Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1; Senses unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum via its N-terminal domain which leads to enzyme auto- activation. The active endoribonuclease domain splices XBP1 mRNA to generate a new C-terminus, converting it into a potent unfolded-protein response transcriptional activator and triggering growth arrest and apoptosis

Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2; Induces translational repression through 28S ribosomal RNA cleavage in response to ER stress. Pro-apoptotic. Appears to play no role in the unfolded-protein response, unlike closely related proteins; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2; Induces translational repression through 28S ribosomal RNA cleavage in response to ER stress. Pro-apoptotic. Appears to play no role in the unfolded-protein response, unlike closely related proteins; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1; Senses unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum via its N-terminal domain which leads to enzyme auto- activation. The active endoribonuclease domain splices XBP1 mRNA to generate a new C-terminus, converting it into a potent unfolded-protein response transcriptional activator and triggering growth arrest and apoptosis

Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase beta; Catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose, an essential precursor of glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase beta; Catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose, an essential precursor of glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family

Sialic acid synthase; Produces N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3- deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). Can also use N- acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of Neu5Ac and KDN, respectively

10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial; Co-chaperonin implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. Together with Hsp60, facilitates the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix. The functional units of these chaperonins consist of heptameric rings of the large subunit Hsp60, which function as a back-to-back double ring. In a cyclic reaction, Hsp60 ring complexes bind one unfolded substrate protein per [...]

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial; Co-chaperonin implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. Together with Hsp60, facilitates the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix. The functional units of these chaperonins consist of heptameric rings of the large subunit Hsp60, which function as a back-to-back double ring. In a cyclic reaction, Hsp60 ring complexes bind one unfolded substrate protein per [...]

Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems

10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial; Co-chaperonin implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. Together with Hsp60, facilitates the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix. The functional units of these chaperonins consist of heptameric rings of the large subunit Hsp60, which function as a back-to-back double ring. In a cyclic reaction, Hsp60 ring complexes bind one unfolded substrate protein per [...]

Triosephosphate isomerase 1; Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity

NEDD8; Ubiquitin-like protein which plays an important role in cell cycle control and embryogenesis. Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex UBE1C- APPBP1 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2M. Attachment of NEDD8 to cullins activates their associated E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and thus promotes polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclins and other regulatory proteins

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity

Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity

Triosephosphate isomerase 1; Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

DAZ-associated protein 1; RNA-binding protein, which may be required during spermatogenesis

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase beta; Catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose, an essential precursor of glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family

Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase; Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions; Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family

10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial; Co-chaperonin implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly. Together with Hsp60, facilitates the correct folding of imported proteins. May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix. The functional units of these chaperonins consist of heptameric rings of the large subunit Hsp60, which function as a back-to-back double ring. In a cyclic reaction, Hsp60 ring complexes bind one unfolded substrate protein per [...]