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| NT5C1A | Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase 1A; Dephosphorylates the 5’ and 2’(3’)-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides and has a broad substrate specificity. Helps to regulate adenosine levels in heart during ischemia and hypoxia; 5’-nucleotidases (368 aa) | |||
| ATIC | Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family (592 aa) | |||
| GDA | Guanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ATZ/TRZ family (471 aa) | |||
| NT5C | 5’(3’)-deoxyribonucleotidase, cytosolic type; Dephosphorylates the 5’ and 2’(3’)-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP; Belongs to the 5’(3’)-deoxyribonucleotidase family (201 aa) | |||
| AMPD2 | AMP deaminase 2; AMP deaminase plays a critical role in energy metabolism. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP and plays an important role in the purine nucleotide cycle; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family (879 aa) | |||
| NT5E | 5’-nucleotidase; Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides. Exhibits AMP-, NAD-, and NMN-nucleosidase activities; Belongs to the 5’-nucleotidase family (574 aa) | |||
| GMPR | GMP reductase 1; Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides; Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. GuaC type 1 subfamily (345 aa) | |||
| HPRT1 | Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; Converts guanine to guanosine monophosphate, and hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate. Transfers the 5- phosphoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate onto the purine. Plays a central role in the generation of purine nucleotides through the purine salvage pathway (218 aa) | |||
| ENTPD3 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3; Has a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP (529 aa) | |||
| CANT1 | Soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase 1; Calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP > GDP > UTP > GTP. Has very low activity towards ADP and even lower activity towards ATP. Does not hydrolyze AMP and GMP. Involved in proteoglycan synthesis (401 aa) | |||
| TPMT | Thiopurine S-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TPMT family (245 aa) | |||
| IMPDH2 | Inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5’-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5’-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate- limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Could also have a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity and could play a role in RNA and/or DNA metabolism. It may also have a role in the development of malignancy and the growth progression of some tumors (514 aa) | |||
| ADSSL1 | Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1; Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP (500 aa) | |||
| ENTPD5 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5; Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N- glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. The nucleotide hydrolyzing preference is GDP > IDP > UDP, but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thia [...] (428 aa) | |||
| NT5C2 | Cytosolic purine 5’-nucleotidase; May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP) and other purine nucleotides; 5’-nucleotidases (561 aa) | |||
| IMPDH1 | Inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5’-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5’-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate- limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Could also have a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity and could play a role in RNA and/or DNA metabolism. It may also have a role in the development of malignancy and the growth progression of some tumors; Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family (599 aa) | |||
| ENTPD4 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4; Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5’-diphosphates, nucleoside 5’-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP >> GDP = CDP = TDP, AMP, ADP, ATP and UMP are not substrates. Preferred substrates for isoform 2 are CTP, UDP, CDP, GTP and GDP, while isoform 1 utilizes UTP and TTP; Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family (616 aa) | |||
| NT5C1B | Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase 1B; Dephosphorylates the 5’ and 2’(3’)-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides. Helps to regulate adenosine levels (By similarity); 5’-nucleotidases (610 aa) | |||
| ENPP1 | Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1; By generating PPi, plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. PPi inhibits mineralization by binding to nascent hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, thereby preventing further growth of these crystals. Preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5’ triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3’,5’-cAMP to AMP. May also be [...] (925 aa) | |||
| PNP | Purine nucleoside phosphorylase; The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta- (deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate (289 aa) | |||
| ADSS | Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2; Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP (456 aa) | |||
| GUK1 | Guanylate kinase; Essential for recycling GMP and indirectly, cGMP (241 aa) | |||
| ENTPD1 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1; In the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Could also be implicated in the prevention of platelet aggregation by hydrolyzing platelet-activating ADP to AMP. Hydrolyzes ATP and ADP equally well; Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family (522 aa) | |||
| ENTPD8 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8; Canalicular ectonucleoside NTPDase responsible for the main hepatic NTPDase activity. Ectonucleoside NTPDases catalyze the hydrolysis of gamma- and beta-phosphate residues of nucleotides, playing a central role in concentration of extracellular nucleotides. Has activity toward ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP, but not toward AMP (495 aa) | |||
| ENTPD6 | Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6; Might support glycosylation reactions in the Golgi apparatus and, when released from cells, might catalyze the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5’-diphosphates, nucleoside 5’-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent, there is no hydrolysis of nucleoside 5’-monophosphates. The order of activity with different substrates is GDP > IDP >> UDP = CDP >> ADP (By similarity); Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family (484 aa) | |||
| XDH | Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase; Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro) (1333 aa) | |||
