Aquaporin-3; Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Provides kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Slightly permeable to urea and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an [...]

Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)- mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3- dependent manner. Recruits CTNNB1 to caveolar membranes and may regulate CTNNB1-mediated signaling through the Wnt pathway. Negatively regulates TGFB1-mediated activation of SMAD2/3 by mediating the interna [...]

Aquaporin-3; Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Provides kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Slightly permeable to urea and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an [...]

Phospholipase D2; May have a role in signal-induced cytoskeletal regulation and/or endocytosis; Phospholipases

Aquaporin-3; Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Provides kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Slightly permeable to urea and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an [...]

Tumor necrosis factor; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which de [...]

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that belongs to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Phosphorylates CAMK1, CAMK1D, CAMK1G and CAMK4. Involved in regulating cell apoptosis. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating AKT1/PKB that inhibits pro-apoptotic BAD/Bcl2-antagonist of cell death

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase belonging to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 phosphorylate CAMK1 and CAMK4. Isoform 3 phosphorylates CAMK1D. Isoform 4, isoform 5 and isoform 6 lacking part of the calmodulin- binding domain are inactive. Efficiently phosphorylates 5’-AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) trimer, including that consisting of PRKAA1, PRKAB1 and PRKAG1. This phosphorylation is stimulated in response to Ca(2+) signals [...]

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that belongs to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Phosphorylates CAMK1, CAMK1D, CAMK1G and CAMK4. Involved in regulating cell apoptosis. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating AKT1/PKB that inhibits pro-apoptotic BAD/Bcl2-antagonist of cell death

Rhomboid-related protein 3; May be involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis and the subsequent release of functional polypeptides from their membrane anchors; Belongs to the peptidase S54 family

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase belonging to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 phosphorylate CAMK1 and CAMK4. Isoform 3 phosphorylates CAMK1D. Isoform 4, isoform 5 and isoform 6 lacking part of the calmodulin- binding domain are inactive. Efficiently phosphorylates 5’-AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) trimer, including that consisting of PRKAA1, PRKAB1 and PRKAG1. This phosphorylation is stimulated in response to Ca(2+) signals [...]

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that belongs to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Phosphorylates CAMK1, CAMK1D, CAMK1G and CAMK4. Involved in regulating cell apoptosis. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating AKT1/PKB that inhibits pro-apoptotic BAD/Bcl2-antagonist of cell death

Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)- mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3- dependent manner. Recruits CTNNB1 to caveolar membranes and may regulate CTNNB1-mediated signaling through the Wnt pathway. Negatively regulates TGFB1-mediated activation of SMAD2/3 by mediating the interna [...]

Aquaporin-3; Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Provides kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Slightly permeable to urea and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an [...]

Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)- mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3- dependent manner. Recruits CTNNB1 to caveolar membranes and may regulate CTNNB1-mediated signaling through the Wnt pathway. Negatively regulates TGFB1-mediated activation of SMAD2/3 by mediating the interna [...]

Phospholipase D2; May have a role in signal-induced cytoskeletal regulation and/or endocytosis; Phospholipases

Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)- mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3- dependent manner. Recruits CTNNB1 to caveolar membranes and may regulate CTNNB1-mediated signaling through the Wnt pathway. Negatively regulates TGFB1-mediated activation of SMAD2/3 by mediating the interna [...]

Tumor necrosis factor; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which de [...]

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Alpha- 6/CHRNA6 sub-subfamily

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Beta- 4/CHRNB4 sub-subfamily

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Alpha- 6/CHRNA6 sub-subfamily

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Beta- 4/CHRNB4 sub-subfamily

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane; Cholinergic receptors nicotinic subunits