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GSTA3 | Glutathione S-transferase A3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Catalyzes isomerization reactions that contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Efficiently catalyze obligatory double-bond isomerizations of delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione and delta(5)- pregnene-3,20-dione, precursors to testosterone and progesterone, respectively; Soluble glutathione S-transferases (222 aa) | |||
CYP26A1 | Cytochrome P450 26A1; Plays a key role in retinoic acid metabolism. Acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its stereoisomer 9-cis-RA. Capable of both 4-hydroxylation and 18- hydroxylation. Responsible for generation of several hydroxylated forms of RA, including 4-OH-RA, 4-oxo-RA and 18-OH-RA; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family (497 aa) | |||
GSTM2 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family (218 aa) | |||
ALDH1A2 | Retinal dehydrogenase 2; Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Does metabolize octanal and decanal but does not metabolize citral, benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal efficiently (By similarity); Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family (518 aa) | |||
UGT2A3 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3; UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase water solubility and enhance excretion. They are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds (By similarity) (527 aa) | |||
ALDH3B2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2; Oxidizes medium and long chain aldehydes into non-toxic fatty acids; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family (385 aa) | |||
GSTM5 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Soluble glutathione S-transferases (218 aa) | |||
GSTM3 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. May govern uptake and detoxification of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics at the testis and brain blood barriers; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family (225 aa) | |||
BCO1 | Beta,beta-carotene 15,15’-dioxygenase; Symmetrically cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal using a dioxygenase mechanism; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family (547 aa) | |||
ALDH2 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family (517 aa) | |||
UGT2B10 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family (528 aa) | |||
DUS4L | tRNA-dihydrouridine(20a/20b) synthase [NAD(P)+]-like; Catalyzes the synthesis of dihydrouridine, a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs (317 aa) | |||
GSTT2B | Glutathione S-transferase theta-2B; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Has a sulfatase activity; Soluble glutathione S-transferases (244 aa) | |||
HPGDS | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase; Bifunctional enzyme which catalyzes both the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and the conjugation of glutathione with a wide range of aryl halides and organic isothiocyanates. Also exhibits low glutathione-peroxidase activity towards cumene hydroperoxide; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Sigma family (199 aa) | |||
RETSAT | All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase; Catalyzes the saturation of all-trans-retinol to all- trans-13,14-dihydroretinol. Does not exhibit any activity toward all-trans-retinoic acid, nor 9-cis, 11-cis or 13-cis-retinol isomers. May play a role in the metabolism of vitamin A. Independently of retinol conversion, may regulate liver metabolism upstream of MLXIPL/ChREBP. May play a role in adipocyte differentiation; Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family. CrtISO subfamily (610 aa) | |||
ADH5 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3; Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily (374 aa) | |||
ALDH1A1 | Retinal dehydrogenase 1; Can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. Binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal (By similarity). May have a broader specificity and oxidize other aldehydes in vivo (501 aa) | |||
UGT1A6 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 3 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative regulator of isoform 1 (By similarity); Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family (532 aa) | |||
UGT2B7 | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7; UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family (529 aa) | |||
LRAT | Lecithin retinol acyltransferase; Transfers the acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to all-trans retinol, producing all-trans retinyl esters. Retinyl esters are storage forms of vitamin A. LRAT plays a critical role in vision. It provides the all-trans retinyl ester substrates for the isomerohydrolase which processes the esters into 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium; due to a membrane-associated alcohol dehydrogenase, 11 cis-retinol is oxidized and converted into 11-cis-retinaldehyde which is the chromophore for rhodopsin and the cone photopigments; [...] (230 aa) | |||
AOX1 | Aldehyde oxidase; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N- methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species [...] (1338 aa) | |||
ALDH4A1 | Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes (563 aa) | |||
ESD | S-formylglutathione hydrolase; Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde (282 aa) | |||
PNPLA4 | Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4; Lipid hydrolase; Patatin like phospholipase domain containing (253 aa) | |||
ADHFE1 | Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the cofactor-independent reversible oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) coupled to reduction of 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) to D-2- hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). D,L-3-hydroxyisobutyrate and L-3- hydroxybutyrate (L-3-OHB) are also substrates for HOT with 10-fold lower activities; Alcohol dehydrogenases (467 aa) | |||
CYP2E1 | Cytochrome P450 2E1; Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms; Cytochrome P450 family 2 (493 aa) |