Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Bloom syndrome protein; ATP-dependent DNA helicase that unwinds single- and double-stranded DNA in a 3’-5’ direction. Participates in DNA replication and repair. Involved in 5’-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair- unwinds DNA and recruits DNA2 which mediates the cleavage of 5’-ssDNA. Negatively regulates sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Stimulates DNA 4-way junction branch migration and DNA Holliday junction dissolution. Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), forked duplex DNA and DNA Holliday junction; RecQ like helicases

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA replication licensing factor MCM2; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA replication licensing factor MCM3; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA replication licensing factor MCM4; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA replication licensing factor MCM5; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA replication licensing factor MCM6; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA replication licensing factor MCM7; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA helicase MCM8; Component of the MCM8-MCM9 complex, a complex involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links and plays a key role during gametogenesis. The MCM8- MCM9 complex probably acts as a hexameric helicase downstream of the Fanconi anemia proteins BRCA2 and RAD51 and is required to process aberrant forks into homologous recombination substrates and to orchestrate homologous recombination with resection, fork stabilization and fork restart. May also play a non-essential for DNA replication- may be involved in the activation of the prereplicat [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

DNA helicase MCM9; Component of the MCM8-MCM9 complex, a complex involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links and plays a key role during gametogenesis. The MCM8- MCM9 complex probably acts as a hexameric helicase downstream of the Fanconi anemia proteins BRCA2 and RAD51 and is required to process aberrant forks into homologous recombination substrates and to orchestrate homologous recombination with resection, fork stabilization and fork restart

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17; Essential for sustained cell growth, maintenance of chromosomal stability, and ATR-dependent checkpoint activation upon DNA damage. Has a weak ATPase activity required for binding to chromatin. Participates in the recruitment of the RAD1-RAD9- HUS1 complex and RHNO1 onto chromatin, and in CHEK1 activation. May also serve as a sensor of DNA replication progression, and may be involved in homologous recombination; Belongs to the rad17/RAD24 family

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q4; DNA-dependent ATPase. May modulate chromosome segregation; Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Replication factor C subunit 3; The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and activator 1; AAA ATPases

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit; As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruit [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Replication protein A 32 kDa subunit; As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruitment of ATRI [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Replication protein A 14 kDa subunit; As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruitment of ATRIP [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Protein timeless homolog; Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication, maintenance of replication fork stability, maintenance of genome stability throughout normal DNA replication and in the regulation of the circadian clock. Involved in the determination of period length and in the DNA damage-dependent phase advancing of the circadian clock. Negatively regulates CLOCK|NPAS2-ARTNL/BMAL1|ARTNL2/BMAL2-induced transactivation of PER1 possibly via translocation of PER1 into the nucleus. Forms a complex with TIPIN and this complex regulates DNA replication processes under both [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

TIMELESS-interacting protein; Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication and the maintenance of replication fork stability. Important for cell survival after DNA damage or replication stress. May be specifically required for the ATR-CHEK1 pathway in the replication checkpoint induced by hydroxyurea or ultraviolet light. Forms a complex with TIMELESS and this complex regulates DNA replication processes under both normal and stress conditions, stabilizes replication forks and influences both CHEK1 phosphorylation and the intra-S phase checkpoint in response to genotoxic st [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase; Multifunctional enzyme that has both magnesium and ATP- dependent DNA-helicase activity and 3’->5’ exonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA with a 5’-overhang. Has no nuclease activity towards single-stranded DNA or blunt-ended double- stranded DNA. Binds preferentially to DNA substrates containing alternate secondary structures, such as replication forks and Holliday junctions. May play an important role in the dissociation of joint DNA molecules that can arise as products of homologous recombination, at stalled replication forks or duri [...]

Bloom syndrome protein; ATP-dependent DNA helicase that unwinds single- and double-stranded DNA in a 3’-5’ direction. Participates in DNA replication and repair. Involved in 5’-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair- unwinds DNA and recruits DNA2 which mediates the cleavage of 5’-ssDNA. Negatively regulates sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Stimulates DNA 4-way junction branch migration and DNA Holliday junction dissolution. Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), forked duplex DNA and DNA Holliday junction; RecQ like helicases

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates ’Ser-139’ of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage r [...]

Bloom syndrome protein; ATP-dependent DNA helicase that unwinds single- and double-stranded DNA in a 3’-5’ direction. Participates in DNA replication and repair. Involved in 5’-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair- unwinds DNA and recruits DNA2 which mediates the cleavage of 5’-ssDNA. Negatively regulates sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Stimulates DNA 4-way junction branch migration and DNA Holliday junction dissolution. Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), forked duplex DNA and DNA Holliday junction; RecQ like helicases

DNA replication licensing factor MCM2; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute differential [...]