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| ADH1A | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A, alpha polypeptide; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family (375 aa) | |||
| RDH10 | Retinol dehydrogenase 10; Retinol dehydrogenase with a clear preference for NADP. Converts all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal. Has no detectable activity towards 11-cis-retinol, 9-cis-retinol and 13-cis-retinol; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (341 aa) | |||
| ALDH1A2 | Retinal dehydrogenase 2; Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Does metabolize octanal and decanal but does not metabolize citral, benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal efficiently (By similarity); Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family (518 aa) | |||
| BCO1 | Beta,beta-carotene 15,15’-dioxygenase; Symmetrically cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal using a dioxygenase mechanism; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family (547 aa) | |||
| ADH4 | Alcohol dehydrogenase 4, pi polypeptide (380 aa) | |||
| KLHL8 | Kelch-like protein 8; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex required for The BCR(KLHL8) ubiquitin ligase complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of RAPSN; BTB domain containing (620 aa) | |||
| ABLIM1 | Actin-binding LIM protein 1; May act as scaffold protein (By similarity). May play a role in the development of the retina. Has been suggested to play a role in axon guidance; LIM domain containing (778 aa) | |||
| ADH5 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3; Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily (374 aa) | |||
| ALDH1A1 | Retinal dehydrogenase 1; Can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. Binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal (By similarity). May have a broader specificity and oxidize other aldehydes in vivo (501 aa) | |||
| ADH1B | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, beta polypeptide; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family (375 aa) | |||
| SDR16C5 | Epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2; Oxidoreductase with strong preference for NAD. Active in both the oxidative and reductive directions. Oxidizes all-trans- retinol in all-trans-retinaldehyde. No activity was detected with 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde as substrates with either NAD(+)/NADH or NADP(+)/NADPH; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (309 aa) | |||
| DHRS4 | Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4; Reduces all-trans-retinal and 9-cis retinal. Can also catalyze the oxidation of all-trans-retinol with NADP as co- factor, but with much lower efficiency. Reduces alkyl phenyl ketones and alpha-dicarbonyl compounds with aromatic rings, such as pyrimidine-4-aldehyde, 3-benzoylpyridine, 4-benzoylpyridine, menadione and 4-hexanoylpyridine. Has no activity towards aliphatic aldehydes and ketones (By similarity); Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (278 aa) | |||
| AOX1 | Aldehyde oxidase; Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N- methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species [...] (1338 aa) | |||
| RDH11 | Retinol dehydrogenase 11; Exhibits an oxidoreductive catalytic activity towards retinoids. Most efficient as an NADPH-dependent retinal reductase. Displays high activity towards 9-cis and all-trans-retinol. Also involved in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes. No steroid dehydrogenase activity detected (318 aa) | |||
| ADH6 | Alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (375 aa) | |||
| RDH16 | Retinol dehydrogenase 16; Oxidoreductase with a preference for NAD. Oxidizes all- trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol to the corresponding aldehydes. Has higher activity towards CRBP-bound retinol than with free retinol. Oxidizes 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids. Oxidizes androstanediol and androsterone to dihydrotestosterone and androstanedione. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (317 aa) | |||
| MYO7A | Unconventional myosin-VIIa; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails bind to membranous compartments, which are then moved relative to actin filaments. In the retina, plays an important role in the renewal of the outer photoreceptor disks. Plays an important role in the distribution and migration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) melanosomes and phagosomes, and in the regulation of opsin transport in retinal photoreceptors. In the inner ear, plays an important role in differenti [...] (2215 aa) | |||
| DHRS9 | Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9; 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that converts 3- alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone (allopregnanolone) to dihydroxyprogesterone and 3-alpha-androstanediol to dihydroxyprogesterone. May play a role in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinaldehyde, but seems to have low activity with retinoids. Can utilize both NADH and NADPH; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (379 aa) | |||
| MYO7B | Unconventional myosin-VIIb; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments. As part of the intermicrovillar adhesion complex/IMAC plays a role in epithelial brush border differentiation, controlling microvilli organization and length. May link the complex to the actin core bundle of microvilli (Probable); FERM domain containing (2116 aa) | |||
| ADH7 | Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain; Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the best substrates. Ethanol is not a good substrate but at the high ethanol concentrations reached in the digestive tract, it plays a role in the ethanol oxidation and contributes to the first pass ethanol metabolism; Alcohol dehydrogenases (394 aa) | |||
| ADH1C | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C, gamma polypeptide (375 aa) | |||
| RDH12 | Retinol dehydrogenase 12; Exhibits an oxidoreductive catalytic activity towards retinoids. Most efficient as an NADPH-dependent retinal reductase. Displays high activity toward 9-cis and all-trans-retinol. Also involved in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes. No steroid dehydrogenase activity detected. Might be the key enzyme in the formation of 11-cis-retinal from 11-cis-retinol during regeneration of the cone visual pigments (316 aa) | |||
| HSD17B6 | 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 6; NAD-dependent oxidoreductase with broad substrate specificity that shows both oxidative and reductive activity (in vitro). Has 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards various steroids (in vitro). Converts 5-alpha-androstan-3- alpha,17-beta-diol to androsterone and estradiol to estrone (in vitro). Has 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards androsterone (in vitro). Has retinol dehydrogenase activity towards all-trans-retinol (in vitro). Can convert androsterone to epi-androsterone. Androsterone is first oxidized to [...] (317 aa) | |||
| RDH8 | Retinol dehydrogenase 8; Retinol dehydrogenase with a clear preference for NADP. Converts all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol. May play a role in the regeneration of visual pigment at high light intensity (By similarity); Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family (331 aa) | |||
| TEX13A | Testis-expressed protein 13A; Zinc fingers RANBP2-type ; Belongs to the TEX13 family (409 aa) | |||
| MYC | Myc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5’- CAC[GA]TG-3’. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis; Basic helix-loop-helix proteins (454 aa) | |||
