RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Participates in cellular signaling in response to [...]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulatio [...]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PftdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Mediates immune responses. Plays a role in B-cell development, proliferation, migration, and function. Required for B-cell recept [...]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Phosphatase and tensin homolog; Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor [...]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

GTP-binding protein Rheb; Activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. Stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 through activation of mTORC1 signaling. Has low intrinsic GTPase activity; RAS type GTPase family

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTO [...]

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2; Phosphorylates specifically ribosomal protein S6

RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT3 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine- protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT3 is the least studied AKT isoform. It plays an important role in brain development and is crucial f [...]

Tuberin; In complex with TSC1, this tumor suppressor inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling. Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB, a direct activator of the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. May also play a role in microtubule-mediated protein transport. Also stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Ras-related proteins RAP1A and RAB5; Armadillo-like helical domain containing

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulatio [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Phosphatase and tensin homolog; Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1; Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double-membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) during S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy (By similarity). Involved in repair of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, which subsequently improves cell survival by decreasing apoptosis (By similarity). Inhibits PTK2/FAK1 and PTK2B/PYK2 kinase activity, affecting their [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

GTP-binding protein Rheb; Activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. Stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 through activation of mTORC1 signaling. Has low intrinsic GTPase activity; RAS type GTPase family

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTO [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Sestrin-2; Functions as an intracellular leucine sensor that negatively regulates the TORC1 signaling pathway through the GATOR complex. In absence of leucine, binds the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2 and prevents TORC1 signaling. Binding of leucine to SESN2 disrupts its interaction with GATOR2 thereby activating the TORC1 signaling pathway. This stress-inducible metabolic regulator also plays a role in protection against oxidative and genotoxic stresses. May negatively regulate protein translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, via TORC1. May positively regulate the transcripti [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor that interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Along with WDFY3, involved in the formation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic ubiquitin-containing inclusions (p62 bodies, ALIS/aggresome-like induced structures). Along with SQSTM1, required to recruit ubiquitinated proteins to PML bodies in the nucleus. May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-1. May play a role in titin/TTN downstream signaling in muscle cells. May regulate sign [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Tuberin; In complex with TSC1, this tumor suppressor inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling. Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB, a direct activator of the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. May also play a role in microtubule-mediated protein transport. Also stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Ras-related proteins RAP1A and RAB5; Armadillo-like helical domain containing

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, lead [...]

Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation

GATOR complex protein WDR24; As a component of the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2, functions within the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway. Indirectly activates mTORC1 and the TORC1 signaling pathway through the inhibition of the GATOR1 subcomplex. It is negatively regulated by the upstream amino acid sensors SESN2 and CASTOR1. In addition to its role in regulation of the TORC1 complex, promotes the acidification of lysosomes and facilitates autophagic flux

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Acts as a substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1 and targets NFE2L2/NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. Retains NFE2L2/NRF2 and may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. Targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome; BTB domain containing

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Participates in cellular signaling in response to [...]

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Acts as a substrate adapter protein for the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex formed by CUL3 and RBX1 and targets NFE2L2/NRF2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, thus resulting in the suppression of its transcriptional activity and the repression of antioxidant response element-mediated detoxifying enzyme gene expression. Retains NFE2L2/NRF2 and may also retain BPTF in the cytosol. Targets PGAM5 for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome; BTB domain containing

Peroxiredoxin-1; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H(2)O(2). Reduces an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5 that gates the ability to GDPD5 to drive postmitotic motor neuron differentiation (By s [...]