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| CX3CL1 | Fractalkine; Acts as a ligand for both CX3CR1 and integrins. Binds to CX3CR1. Binds to integrins ITGAV-ITGB3 and ITGA4-ITGB1. Can activate integrins in both a CX3CR1-dependent and CX3CR1-independent manner. In the presence of CX3CR1, activates integrins by binding to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) in integrins. In the absence of CX3CR1, binds to a second site (site 2) in integrins which is distinct from site 1 and enhances the binding of other integrin ligands to site 1. The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes and not for neutrophils. The membrane-bound fo [...] (397 aa) | |||
| CCL13 | C-C motif chemokine 13; Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. Signals through CCR2B and CCR3 receptors. Plays a role in the accumulation of leukocytes at both sides of allergic and non-allergic inflammation. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis. May play a role in the monocyte attraction in tissues chronically exposed to exogenous pathogens; Chemokine ligands (98 aa) | |||
| ACKR4 | Atypical chemokine receptor 4; Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. Also known as interceptor (internalizing receptor) or chemokine-scavenging receptor or chemokine decoy receptor. Acts as a receptor for chemokines CCL2, CCL8, CCL13, CCL19, CCL21 and CCL25. Chemokine-binding does not activate G-protein-mediated signal transduction but instead induces beta-arrestin [...] (350 aa) | |||
| CCL21 | C-C motif chemokine 21; Inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. Chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T-cells, but not for B-cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Shows preferential activity towards naive T-cells. May play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. Binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4 and mediates the recruitment of beta-arrestin (ARRB1/2) to ACKR4; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family (134 aa) | |||
| CCR2 | C-C chemokine receptor type 2; Receptor for the CCL2, CCL7 and CCL13 chemokines. Receptor for the beta-defensin DEFB106A/DEFB106B. Transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels (By similarity). Upon CCL2 ligation, mediates chemotaxis and migration induction through the activation of the PI3K cascade, the small G protein Rac and lamellipodium protrusion (Probable) (374 aa) | |||
| CCR5 | C-C chemokine receptor type 5; Receptor for a number of inflammatory CC-chemokines including MIP-1-alpha, MIP-1-beta and RANTES and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ion level. May play a role in the control of granulocytic lineage proliferation or differentiation. Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for HIV-1 R5 isolates (352 aa) | |||
| PPBP | Platelet basic protein; LA-PF4 stimulates DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by human synovial cells. NAP-2 is a ligand for CXCR1 and CXCR2, and NAP-2, NAP-2(73), NAP-2(74), NAP-2(1-66), and most potent NAP-2(1-63) are chemoattractants and activators for neutrophils. TC-1 and TC-2 are antibacterial proteins, in vitro released from activated platelet alpha-granules. CTAP-III(1-81) is more po [...] (128 aa) | |||
| PF4 | Platelet factor 4; Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family (101 aa) | |||
| MMP3 | Stromelysin-1; Can degrade fibronectin, laminin, gelatins of type I, III, IV, and V; collagens III, IV, X, and IX, and cartilage proteoglycans. Activates procollagenase; Belongs to the peptidase M10A family (477 aa) | |||
| CCL11 | Eotaxin; In response to the presence of allergens, this protein directly promotes the accumulation of eosinophils, a prominent feature of allergic inflammatory reactions. Binds to CCR3; Chemokine ligands (97 aa) | |||
| CXCL10 | C-X-C motif chemokine 10; Chemotactic for monocytes and T-lymphocytes. Binds to CXCR3; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family (98 aa) | |||
| CXCL11 | C-X-C motif chemokine 11; Chemotactic for interleukin-activated T-cells but not unstimulated T-cells, neutrophils or monocytes. Induces calcium release in activated T-cells. Binds to CXCR3. May play an important role in CNS diseases which involve T-cell recruitment. May play a role in skin immune responses; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family (94 aa) | |||
| MMP1 | Interstitial collagenase; Cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. Also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. In case of HIV infection, interacts and cleaves the secreted viral Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat’s mediated neurotoxicity; Endogenous ligands (469 aa) | |||
| CXCL14 | C-X-C motif chemokine 14; Potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, and weaker for dendritic cells. Not chemotactic for T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, natural killer cells or granulocytes. Does not inhibit proliferation of myeloid progenitors in colony formation assays; Chemokine ligands (111 aa) | |||
| CCL28 | C-C motif chemokine 28; Chemotactic activity for resting CD4, CD8 T-cells and eosinophils. Binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and induces calcium mobilization in a dose-dependent manner; Chemokine ligands (127 aa) | |||
| CXCL9 | C-X-C motif chemokine 9; Cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. Chemotactic for activated T-cells. Binds to CXCR3; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family (125 aa) | |||
| XCL1 | Lymphotactin; Chemotactic activity for lymphocytes but not for monocytes or neutrophils. In thymus, mediates medullary accumulation of thymic dendritic cells and contributes to regulatoy T cell development, playing a role in self-tolerance establishment; Chemokine ligands (114 aa) | |||
| CXCR3 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3; Isoform 1- Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and mediates the proliferation, survival and angiogenic activity of human mesangial cells (HMC) through a heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway. Binds to CCL21. Probably promotes cell chemotaxis response (415 aa) | |||
| CCL8 | C-C motif chemokine 8; Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils. May play a role in neoplasia and inflammatory host responses. This protein can bind heparin. The processed form MCP-2(6-76) does not show monocyte chemotactic activity, but inhibits the chemotactic effect most predominantly of CCL7, and also of CCL2 and CCL5 and CCL8; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family (99 aa) | |||
| CCL26 | C-C motif chemokine 26; Chemoattractant for eosinophils and basophils. Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR3 which triggers Ca(2+) mobilization in eosinophils; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family (94 aa) | |||
| CXCL12 | Stromal cell-derived factor 1; Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1- alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3- 67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Ac [...] (140 aa) | |||
| CCL24 | C-C motif chemokine 24; Chemotactic for resting T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Has lower chemotactic activity for neutrophils but none for monocytes and activated lymphocytes. Is a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. Binds to CCR3; Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family (119 aa) | |||
| ACKR2 | Atypical chemokine receptor 2; Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. Also known as interceptor (internalizing receptor) or chemokine-scavenging receptor or chemokine decoy receptor. Acts as a receptor for chemokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, SCYA2/MCP-1, SCY3/MIP-1-alpha, SCYA5/RANTES and SCYA7/M [...] (384 aa) | |||
| CCR3 | C-C chemokine receptor type 3; Receptor for a C-C type chemokine. Binds to eotaxin, eotaxin-3, MCP-3, MCP-4, RANTES and MIP-1 delta. Subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. Alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection (376 aa) | |||
| CXCL17 | C-X-C motif chemokine 17; Chemokine that acts as chemoattractant for monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Plays a role in angiogenesis and possibly in the development of tumors. Acts as an anti-inflammatory in the stomach. May play a role in the innate defense against infections. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor GPR35 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions (119 aa) | |||
| CCL5 | C-C motif chemokine 5; Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1- infection. The secon [...] (91 aa) | |||
